Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Wheel, Balancing with Fine Balancing Machine (Finish Balancer)
Before beginning balancing, the following requirements must
be fulfilled.
The tire pressure must be OK.
The tire profile must not be worn on one side. The tire
profile must be at least 4 mm.
...
Trailer Socket
Connect the trailer socket to the vehicle electrical system
of the vehicle pulling the trailer according to the manufacturer
instructions.
Refer to the applicable wiring diagrams or manufacturer
installation instructions when installing ...
Replacing the battery
Fig. 21 Vehicle key: opening the battery
case cover
Fig. 22 Vehicle key: removing the battery
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Volkswagen recommends having the battery changed at a Volkswagen dealership or
by a qualified workshop.
The battery is l ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point