Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Coolant Fan Control Module -J293
Note
There are different construction styles.
This control module switches on and off the A/C clutch and
therefore the A/C compressor. It switches the coolant fan and
calculates the pressu ...
Tires, Dismounting, Wheels without and with Tire Pressure Monitoring System
If equipped check the tire pressure monitoring sensor with
the vehicle diagnostic tester and if necessary replace.
Note
When cleaning disc wheel (rim), the tire pressure monitoring
sensor (if equipped) must not come into c ...
Refrigerant Circuit
A/C System Repair Information
An A/C system made for refrigerant R12 must not be filled
with refrigerant R134a without making modifications to the
refrigerant circuit. Refer to
→ Chapter „Refrigerant Circuit, Converting R12 to R134a and
Ser ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point