Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Types of front passenger front airbag system
→ Indicator lamps
→ Description and function of the airbags
→ Front airbags
→ Switching the front passenger front airbag on and off manually u ...
Securing child seats with a seat belt
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
It is permissible to fasten child seats with universal written
on the orange label to the seats using the seat belt, but only on the seats marked
in the table with a u.
Weight class
Front passe ...
Replacing Reservoir, No Contaminants, No Loss of Refrigerant
Discharge the refrigerant circuit.
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Replace the restrictor depending on the vehicle.
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Remove receiver or accumulator.
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Remove dirt from receiver or res ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point