Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ General information on transporting children in the vehicle
→ Various securing systems
→ Using a child seat on the front passenger seat
→ Using a child seat on the rear seats
→ Securing c ...
Leaks or Internal Damage, for Example Noises or No Output
Note
For vehicles with an electrically-driven A/C compressor,
de-energize the high voltage system before removing the A/C
compressor. Refer to
→ Electrical System Hybrid; Rep. Gr.93.
–
Dischar ...
Adhesive Surface Pretreatment when Replacing Laser-Soldered Roofs
Dry sand the cataphoretic primer on the roof adhesive surface
-item 6-
→ Item down to the bare metal using P180 sandpaper.
–
Dry sand the roof pillar adhesive surface
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point