Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Run-Flat Tire PAX
WARNING
Run-flat tires must be replaced after they have gone
flat.
Pay close attention to the installation
instructions. Refer to
→ Chapter „Tir ...
Battery, Charging with Battery Charger -VAS5900-
Special tools and workshop equipment
required
Battery Charger -VAS5900-
WARNING
Risk of injury. Follow all Warnings and Safety
Precautions. Refer to
→ ...
Tire Sizes, AWD Vehicles
Note the following regarding AWD vehicles:
Only tires having the same size and are manufactured by the
same manufacturer and have the same profile may be used on the
front and rear.
Different rolling circumfe ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point