Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Driving tips when towing
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
Towing requires some experience, especially when using a tow rope. Both
drivers should be familiar with the technique required for towing. Inexperienced
drivers should not attempt to tow.
When driving, ensure that you d ...
Indicator lamp
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
Lit up
Possible cause
Solution
There is a defective bulb in the vehicle's exterior
lighting.
Change the defective bulb.
Several warning and indicat ...
Safety Precautions
General Safety Precautions
As per VBG 20, German industrial liability insurance
association.
Follow the instructions for the workplace. They should be
displayed in the workplace.
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Pressure and Boiling Point