Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ services
→ Applications (apps)
Information on the mobile online services Car-Net and applications (apps) can
be transmitted directly to your vehicle and integrated.
Information on Car-Net services and application ...
Checking and refilling the windscreen washer fluid level
Fig. 77 In the engine compartment: cap
of washer fluid reservoir
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
The windscreen washer fluid level should be checked regularly and topped up as
necessary.
A filter can be found in the feed throat of the washer fluid re ...
Commercial Names and Designations
Refrigerant R134a is currently available under the following
trade names:
H-FKW 134a
SUVA 134a
KLEA 134a
Note
Different trade names may be us ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point