Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Tires and Rims, Matching
If necessary repair flat spots from standing. Refer to
→ Chapter „Flat Spots, Correcting“.
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Dismount the tire. Refer to
→ Chapter „Tires, Dismounting“.
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Turn the ...
Changing the bulb in the number plate light
Fig. 186 In the rear bumper:
number plate light
Fig. 187 Number plate light:
removing the bulb holder
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings
A normal flat screwdriver can be used to remove the number plate light .
The actions sh ...
General Information
Tongue Weight Specifications
The tongue weight specifications on the trailer hitch type
label are inspection values and only valid for the hitch. The
permitted tongue weight for the vehicle may be less and it must
not b ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point