Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles

Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual / Refrrigerant R134a Servicing / A/C System, General Information / A/C Technology Basic Principles / Physical Principles

The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.

1 -	gaseous (invisible)

2 -

vapor

3 -

fluid

4 -

solid

Physical Principles

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.

A -	Heat absorption

B -	Heat emission

Physical Principles

Heat Transfer

Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no further heat exchange takes place.

A/C Technology Basic Principles

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Pressure and Boiling Point

The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...

Other materials:

Crimping Pliers - .35-2.5mm -VAS1978/1A
The Crimping Pliers - .35-2.5mm -VAS1978/1A- or the Wiring Harness Repair - Crimping Plier - Base Tool -VAS1978/1-2- together with the Wiring Harness Repair - Crimping Head - .35-2.5mm -VAS1978/1-1-, or the Wiring Harness Repair Set - Crimping Head - 4-6 ...

Tyre Pressure Loss Indicator
Fig. 124 In the stowage compartment on the front passenger side: button for the Tyre Pressure Loss Indicator First read and observe the introductory information and safety warnings The Tyre Pressure Loss Indicator uses data from the ABS sensors and other functions to check the speed of rot ...

Improvised Tools
Note This list outlines the testers, tools and materials required for expert refrigerant circuit repair work. Caution Non-approved tools or materials such as leak sealing additiv ...