Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Warning and indicator lamps
→ Handbrake
→ Parking
→ Information on the brakes
→ Brake support systems
→ Switching the TCS on and off
→ Brake flu ...
Using the cruise control system
Fig. 123 On the left of the steering column:
button and switch for the CCS
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings
Function
Switch position, switch control
Action
Switching on the CCS.
Switch ② i ...
Beru Wheel Electronics Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor, Removing and
Installing
Overview, Beru System
WARNING
If tire sealant was used, then the wheel electronics
on that particular wheel must be replaced.
WA ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point