Volkswagen Polo Service & Repair Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
An economic driving style
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings Changing gear earlier
In principle, the highest gear is always the most economical gear. A rule of
thumb for most vehicles: at a speed of 30 km/h (19 mph) drive in 3rd gear, at 40
km/h (25 mph) in 4th gear and at 50 km/ ...
Empty Refrigerant Circuit
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Remove malfunctioning component.
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Remove the A/C compressor.
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Remove oil drain plug from A/C compressor.
Note
To speed up refrigerant oil drai ...
Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Stowage
→ Contents
Observe any country-specific legislation when securing your vehicle in the
event of a breakdown.
Additional information and warnings:
Preparation for working in the engine compartment
...
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Pressure and Boiling Point